A Manifesto for American Liberalism - Todd Gitlin & Bruce Ackerman
I reiterate all these endorsements. And, with a few significant reservations, I also strongly endorse the overall message of a recent statement by Todd Gitlin & Bruce Ackerman published (and posted-on-line) in The American Prospect: "We Answer to the Name of Liberals".
As right-wing politicians and pundits call us stooges for Osama bin Laden, Tony Judt charges, in a widely discussed and heatedly debated essay in the London Review of Books, that American liberals -- without distinction -- have "acquiesced in President Bush's catastrophic foreign policy." Both claims are nonsense on stilts.My reservations are important enough to prevent me from being able to sign this manifesto in good conscience, but I think that the great bulk of it is excellent and important. So I feel I should state my disagreements and pass on the whole document for others to consider.
Clearly this is a moment for liberals to define ourselves. The important truth is that most liberals, including the undersigned, have stayed our course throughout these grim five years. We have consistently and publicly repudiated the ruinous policies of the Bush administration, and our diagnosis, alas, has been vindicated by events. The Bush debacle is a direct consequence of its repudiation of liberal principles. And if the country is to recover, we should begin by restating these principles.
=> The passages that give me problems are the following:
We have all opposed the Iraq war as illegal, unwise, and destructive of America's moral standing.Obviously, I couldn't sign on to this honestly, since I supported the 2003 Iraq war as necessary and justified, in light of the alternative options that were realistically available by the end of the 1990s. Furthermore, military action against Saddam Hussein & his regime was not illegal. Strong arguments could be made that it was unwise--and some of these arguments look even stronger now, given the spectacular incompetence and almost criminal irresponsibility with which the Bush/Cheney/Rumsfeld team has handled the entire enterprise, particularly the post-Saddam occupation & reconstruction of Iraq. (The framers of the Euston Manifesto, for example, included both supporters and opponents of the 2003 Iraq war--for reasons that deserved serious respect on both sides.) Whether or not the realistically (as opposed to wishfully) available alternatives to serious action against Saddam Hussein & his regime would have been even more unwise remains an open question.
=> Gitlin & Ackerman state forthrightly, unambiguously, and honorably:
We believe that the state of Israel has the fundamental right to exist, free of military assault, within secure borders close to those of 1967, and that the U.S. government has a special responsibility toward achieving a lasting Middle East peace.And they add, with considerable justice:
But the Bush administration has defaulted. It has failed to pursue a steady and constructive course.However, they end by repeating a piece of conventional wisdom that I can't endorse.
It has encouraged Israel's disproportionate attacks in Lebanon after the Hezbollah incursions, resulting in vast destruction of civilian life and property.This assessment of the recent Israel/Hezbollah war strikes me as one-sided, misleading, and profoundly unhelpful--and what it suggests about the US diplomatic role in connection with this conflict is also quite misleading. This sentence, by itself, would not be enough to prevent me from signing the Gitlin/Ackerman statement. But conscience compels me to register my dissent on this point.
=> Otherwise, what Gitlin & Ackerman have to say in this statement strikes me as right, important, and well put. For example:
Make no mistake: We believe that the use of force can, at times, be justified. We supported the use of American force, together with our allies, in Bosnia, Kosovo, and Afghanistan. But war must remain a last resort. The Bush administration's emphatic reliance on military intervention [JW: I would have said, its excessive reliance on military force and its arrogant and incompetent rejection of constructive diplomacy and international institution-building] is illegitimate and counterproductive. It creates unnecessary enemies, degrades the national defense, distracts from actual dangers, and ignores the imperative necessity of building an international order that peacefully addresses the aspirations of rising powers in Asia and Latin America.I encourage everyone to read the whole thing and think about seriously. These are, indeed, some of the great issues that now confront us.
The misapplication of military power also imperils American freedom at home. The president claims authority, as commander in chief, to throw American citizens into military prison for years on end without any hearing, civil or military, that would allow them to confront the charges against them. He claims the power to wiretap Americans' conversations without warrants, in direct violation of congressional commands. These usurpations presage what are likely to be even more drastic measures if another attack takes place on American soil.At the same time, the president is unconstitutionally seizing power on other fronts. He seeks to liberate himself from the rule of law by issuing hundreds of "signing statements" asserting, with unprecedented sweep and aggressiveness, his right to ignore congressional control. Such contempt for the people's representatives verges on monarchical pretension.
The administration's politics of panic diverts attention from pressing questions of social justice and environmental survival. The president remorselessly seeks to undermine the principle of progressive taxation. Under cover of patriotism, he promotes vast tax cuts to the rich at the expense of policies that strengthen the common ties that bind us together as a community. [....]
The administration's contempt for science is of a piece with its general disdain for reason -- a prejudice that any modern society ought to have left behind. Whether confronting scientific research, evolution, birth control, foreign policy, drug pricing, or the manner in which it makes decisions, the Bush administration has defied evidence and logic, sabotaging its own professional civil servants. It refuses serious consultation with experts and critics. It acts secretly, in defiance of the powers of Congress. [....] When challenged, it responds with lies and distortions. [....]
We insist that America be defended vigorously against its real enemies -- the radical Islamists who organize to attack us. But security does not require torture or the rejection of basic guarantees of due process. To the contrary, this administration's lawless conduct and its violations of the Geneva Conventions only damage our moral standing and our ability to combat the appeals of violent ideologues. [....]
We love this country. But true patriotism does not consist of bravado or calumny. It resides in faithfulness to our great constitutional ideals. We are a republic, not a monarchy. We believe in the rule of law, not secret prisons. We insist on justice for all, not privilege for the few. In repudiating these American ideals, the Bush administration disgraces America and damages our claim to democratic leadership in the larger world.
It will take hard work to undo this damage. It will take more than defeating the hard-line right at the polls. We must engage in large acts of political imagination and inspire a new generation to take up liberal principles and adapt them inventively in a new century.
Yours for democracy,
Jeff Weintraub
====================
American Prospect (Posted on-line October 18, 2006)
From the November print issue: A response to Tony Judt, and a manifesto for liberals in the waning Bush era.
By Bruce Ackerman and Todd Gitlin
As right-wing politicians and pundits call us stooges for Osama bin Laden, Tony Judt charges, in a widely discussed and heatedly debated essay in the London Review of Books, that American liberals -- without distinction -- have "acquiesced in President Bush's catastrophic foreign policy." Both claims are nonsense on stilts.
Clearly this is a moment for liberals to define ourselves. The important truth is that most liberals, including the undersigned, have stayed our course throughout these grim five years. We have consistently and publicly repudiated the ruinous policies of the Bush administration, and our diagnosis, alas, has been vindicated by events. The Bush debacle is a direct consequence of its repudiation of liberal principles. And if the country is to recover, we should begin by restating these principles.
We have all opposed the Iraq war as illegal, unwise, and destructive of America's moral standing. This war fueled, and continues to fuel, jihadis whose commitment to horrific, unjustifiable violence was amply demonstrated by the September 11 attacks as well as the massacres in Spain, Indonesia, Tunisia, Great Britain, and elsewhere. Rather than making us safer, the Iraq war has endangered the common security of Americans and our allies.
We believe that the state of Israel has the fundamental right to exist, free of military assault, within secure borders close to those of 1967, and that the U.S. government has a special responsibility toward achieving a lasting Middle East peace. But the Bush administration has defaulted. It has failed to pursue a steady and constructive course. It has discouraged the prospects for an honorable Israeli-Palestinian settlement. It has encouraged Israel's disproportionate attacks in Lebanon after the Hezbollah incursions, resulting in vast destruction of civilian life and property.
Make no mistake: We believe that the use of force can, at times, be justified. We supported the use of American force, together with our allies, in Bosnia, Kosovo, and Afghanistan. But war must remain a last resort. The Bush administration's emphatic reliance on military intervention is illegitimate and counterproductive. It creates unnecessary enemies, degrades the national defense, distracts from actual dangers, and ignores the imperative necessity of building an international order that peacefully addresses the aspirations of rising powers in Asia and Latin America.
The misapplication of military power also imperils American freedom at home. The president claims authority, as commander in chief, to throw American citizens into military prison for years on end without any hearing, civil or military, that would allow them to confront the charges against them. He claims the power to wiretap Americans' conversations without warrants, in direct violation of congressional commands. These usurpations presage what are likely to be even more drastic measures if another attack takes place on American soil.
At the same time, the president is unconstitutionally seizing power on other fronts. He seeks to liberate himself from the rule of law by issuing hundreds of "signing statements" asserting, with unprecedented sweep and aggressiveness, his right to ignore congressional control. Such contempt for the people's representatives verges on monarchical pretension.
The administration's politics of panic diverts attention from pressing questions of social justice and environmental survival. The president remorselessly seeks to undermine the principle of progressive taxation. Under cover of patriotism, he promotes vast tax cuts to the rich at the expense of policies that strengthen the common ties that bind us together as a community.
We reaffirm the great principle of liberalism: that every citizen is entitled by right to the elementary means to a good life. We believe passionately that societies should afford their citizens equal treatment under the law -- regardless of accidents of birth, race, sex, property, religion, ethnic identification, or sexual disposition. We want to redirect debate to the central questions of concern to ordinary Americans -- their rights to housing, affordable health care, equal opportunity for employment, and fair wages, as well as physical security and a sustainable environment for ourselves and future generations.
Instead of securing these principles, the president and his party view the suppression of votes indulgently and propose new requirements for voting that will make it still harder for the poor and the elderly to exercise their democratic rights.
The administration's denial of reality reaches a delusional peak in its refusal to acknowledge basic science describing the massive climate change now under way. Against the advice of all serious experts, the government has grossly failed in its responsibility to our descendants. It has consistently sought to undermine the Kyoto treaty and refused to encourage energy conservation. We insist on a clean break with this shameful record. Our government should be taking the lead in reducing greenhouse gases, recognizing our responsibilities as the world's leading polluter. We should be investing massively in energy sources that carry out a commitment to environmental stewardship and help restore our manufacturing base at the same time.
The administration's contempt for science is of a piece with its general disdain for reason -- a prejudice that any modern society ought to have left behind. Whether confronting scientific research, evolution, birth control, foreign policy, drug pricing, or the manner in which it makes decisions, the Bush administration has defied evidence and logic, sabotaging its own professional civil servants. It refuses serious consultation with experts and critics. It acts secretly, in defiance of the powers of Congress. It refuses to identify those whose advice it solicits, even concealing the names of the vice president's staff. It stifles civil servants attempting to do their jobs. It appoints cronies whose political loyalty cannot compensate for their incompetence. When challenged, it responds with lies and distortions.
Reason is indispensable to democratic self-government. This self-evident truth was a fundamental commitment of our Founding Fathers, who believed it was entirely compatible with every American's First Amendment right to the free exercise of religion. When debating policy in the public square, our government should base its laws on grounds that can be accepted by people regardless of their religious beliefs. Public commitment to reason and evidence is the bedrock of a pluralist democracy. Nevertheless, it has been eroded by the present administration in an ongoing campaign to pander to its hard right wing.
This government's failures to respect the process of public reason have generated predictable consequences -- none of them good. The Bush administration has failed to protect its citizens from disaster -- from foreign enemies on September 11, 2001, and from the hurricane and flood that afflicted the Gulf Coast in 2005. It has driven the war in Iraq to an impasse. It is incapable of presenting a plausible strategy to bring our military intervention to a tenable conclusion.
We insist that America be defended vigorously against its real enemies -- the radical Islamists who organize to attack us. But security does not require torture or the rejection of basic guarantees of due process. To the contrary, this administration's lawless conduct and its violations of the Geneva Conventions only damage our moral standing and our ability to combat the appeals of violent ideologues. By defending torture, the Bush administration engages in precisely the kind of ethical relativism that it purports to condemn. Meanwhile, it refuses to confront its responsibility for the human-rights violations at Abu Ghraib, Guantanamo, and elsewhere. Having failed to plan for obvious contingencies, it has scapegoated low-level military personnel when it should be identifying and punishing broader command failures.
We refuse to confine our criticisms to personalities. We believe that the abuses of power that have been commonplace under Bush's rule must be laid not only at his door -- and the vice president's -- but at the doors of a conservative movement that has, for decades, undermined government's ability to act reasonably and effectively for the common good.
We love this country. But true patriotism does not consist of bravado or calumny. It resides in faithfulness to our great constitutional ideals. We are a republic, not a monarchy. We believe in the rule of law, not secret prisons. We insist on justice for all, not privilege for the few. In repudiating these American ideals, the Bush administration disgraces America and damages our claim to democratic leadership in the larger world.
It will take hard work to undo this damage. It will take more than defeating the hard-line right at the polls. We must engage in large acts of political imagination and inspire a new generation to take up liberal principles and adapt them inventively in a new century.
-- Bruce Ackerman and Todd Gitlin
Additional signatories:
George Akerlof, Berkeley
Jeffrey Alexander, Yale
Eric Alterman, City University of New York
Kenneth Arrow, Stanford
Ian Ayres, Yale
Benjamin Barber, Maryland
Yochai Benkler, Yale
Joshua Cohen, Stanford and Boston Review
Lizabeth Cohen, Harvard
Robert A. Dahl, Yale
Norman Daniels, Harvard
Michael Doyle, Columbia
Cynthia Fuchs Epstein, Graduate Center, CUNY
James K. Galbraith, Texas
Robert W. Gordon, Yale
Jorie Graham, Harvard
Adam Hochschild, Berkeley
Arlie Hochschild, Berkeley
G. John Ikenberry, Princeton
Christopher Jencks, Harvard
Pamela S. Karlan, Stanford
Michael Kazin, Georgetown
Chang-Rae Lee, Princeton
Margaret Levi, University of Washington
Sanford Levinson, Texas
Doug McAdam, Stanford
Jane Mansbridge, Harvard
Katherine S. Newman, Princeton
Robert Post, Yale
Robert B. Reich, Berkeley
Susan Rose-Ackerman, Yale
Ruth Rosen, Berkeley
Elaine Scarry, Harvard
Arthur Schlesinger Jr, Graduate Center, CUNY
Richard Sennett, LSE and NYU
Kim Lane Scheppele, Princeton
Jane Smiley, Carmel Valley
Christine Stansell, Princeton
Charles Tilly, Columbia
Michael Tomasky, The American Prospect
C.K. Williams, Princeton
William Julius Wilson, Harvard
Alan Wolfe, Boston College
George M. Woodwell, Woods Hole Research Center
This list of signatories will be continually updated as new additions are made. To have your name added to the list, e-mail this address.
Click here to see the updated list of signatories.
Bruce Ackerman is a professor of law and political science at Yale. Todd Gitlin is a professor of journalism and sociology at Columbia University. E-mail them here.
posted by Jeff Weintraub at 12:24 PM
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